Greyhound | Dog, Appearance, Racing, History, & Facts (2024)

breed of dog

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Also known as: Grayhound, Greyhound dog

Written by

Caroline Coile Caroline Coile is the author of the Encyclopedia of Dog Breeds and more than 30 other books.

Caroline Coile

Fact-checked by

The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors.

The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica

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Greyhounds

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Also spelled:
Grayhound
Also called:
Greyhound dog
Related Topics:
hound
Italian greyhound

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Greyhound, the fastest of dog breeds and one of the most ancient, long symbolic of the aristocracy. Its likeness appears on an Egyptian tomb dating from about 3000 bce. Streamlined, slender, and strong, the Greyhound can attain a speed of about 45 miles (72 km) per hour. It has a narrow head, a long neck, a deep chest, long muscular hindquarters, and a long slim tail. Its coat is short and smooth and of various colors. The Greyhound stands 27 to 30 inches (69 to 76 cm) tall at the withers and weighs 60 to 70 pounds (27 to 32 kg).

Greyhounds hunt by sight and are used mainly to pursue hares, but they can also hunt deer, foxes, and small game. Greyhounds are also raced for sport, chasing a mechanical rabbit. Since the late 20th century, however, Greyhound racing has been banned in various areas, notably a number of U.S. states, amid allegations that the dogs were mistreated.

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The Italian Greyhound is a breed of toy dog apparently derived from the Greyhound. It has existed in its present form for more than 2,000 years and has been a favorite of the aristocracy. As a miniature version of the Greyhound, it stands 13 to 15 inches (33 to 38 cm) tall at the withers and weighs 7 to 14 pounds (3 to 6 kg). It has large eyes and a thin glossy coat that may be red-brown, fawn- or cream-colored, white, blue-gray, or gray. The Italian Greyhound is usually an active gentle dog.

Care and upkeep

The Greyhound needs a fenced area where it can sprint at least once a day. This should be supplemented by at least one long and two short walks on a standard leash, and Greyhounds should not be let off the lead, since they tend to chase small animals and may not return. The breed’s favorite games involve running and chasing. However, although it may chase a ball, the dog may not return it. Some Greyhounds enjoy swimming, and many like competitive activities, such as agility, obedience, and scent work as well as coursing.

Because of their high muscle mass and slender limbs that culminate in small feet, Greyhounds are prone to foot and leg injuries when running at high speeds. They should not be allowed to gallop on rough or hard surfaces. Greyhounds’ muscle mass can also spur overheating, though their lack of a thick coat makes them susceptible to the cold. Coat care is minimal, consisting of occasional bathing and brushing. Greyhounds tend to accumulate plaque on their teeth more readily than other breeds do.

The Greyhound is different from most other breeds physiologically. For example, its heart is larger, its hematocrit higher, and its thyroid level typically lower. The breed is also sensitive to barbiturate anesthesia, which can cause a longer and more difficult recovery, and alternative anesthetics may be considered. Finding a veterinarian who is familiar with Greyhound physiology is advisable.

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Temperament

The Greyhound is a sprinter, bred for short bursts of speed. Unlike many breeds that require hours of activity, the Greyhound needs to run only for short stretches, typically just a few minutes at full speed. The remainder of the time, it rests. After years of competing in coursing games, which require dogs to think for themselves, the breed has developed an independence that makes it slow to follow commands.

The Greyhound gets along with other dogs but may not do well with cats and other small pets unless raised with them. It makes a gentle companion for people of all ages. The Greyhound is not a particularly good watchdog and is a very poor protection dog. It should be noted that these claims are a traditional and widely accepted generalization about the breed, and the behavior of individual Greyhounds may differ.

Breed data

This table provides facts about Greyhounds.

Greyhound breed facts
other names none
area of origin ancient Egypt
breed group hound
height at withers 27–30 inches (69–76 cm)
weight 60–70 pounds (27–32 kg)
life span 10–13 years
Did you know? Greyhounds were immortalized in Classical literature and in Greek and Roman mythology. They are even mentioned in Proverbs in several translations of the Bible. According to some accounts, Greyhounds were the favorite breed of Alexander the Great, and they are mentioned in Geoffrey Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales as well as in Shakespeare’s Henry V. In fact, Greyhounds—and possibly Mastiffs—were the first known European dogs to arrive in the Americas: they accompanied Christopher Columbus on his second expedition, which set sail from Spain in September 1493.

Caroline Coile The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica

Greyhound | Dog, Appearance, Racing, History, & Facts (2024)

FAQs

Greyhound | Dog, Appearance, Racing, History, & Facts? ›

Its likeness appears on an Egyptian tomb dating from about 3000 bce. Streamlined, slender, and strong, the Greyhound can attain a speed of about 45 miles (72 km) per hour. It has a narrow head, a long neck, a deep chest, long muscular hindquarters, and a long slim tail.

What is the appearance of a greyhound? ›

dog Breed Profile

The greyhound is built for speed with a streamlined, muscular body. The neck and head are long. Their characteristic rose ears are usually folded flat against the neck when the dog is relaxed, but prick forward and may even stand somewhat erect when the greyhound is at attention.

What is the history of greyhound dog racing? ›

Greyhound track racing, as we know it today, began in 1919 in California with the invention of a mechanical lure. For the next 65 years the status of the greyhound declined as people saw these dogs race and concluded that they were high strung, aggressive and unloving. Racing is regulated by state or local laws.

What are some fun facts about greyhound racing? ›

Greyhounds come in 18 primary colors and over 55 different color combinations. Greyhounds wear muzzles while racing to protect themselves from injury during the excitement of the race and to make it easier to determine the winner in a photo finish. At one time only noblemen were allowed to own a greyhound.

How to find greyhound racing history? ›

After you have located their track name, go to Greyhound-Data and use the “Dog-Search” feature. If all goes well, you can find their pedigree and race record. You may also be able to figure out what state your greyhound came from by researching the tracks that they raced.

What makes Greyhounds special? ›

Sight: These dogs have a unique field of vision, allowing them to see up to 270 degrees around them while running — this outperforms other breeds, who typically only have a range of 180 degrees. Skin and Coat: Their thin skin and short coat help to reduce wind resistance, further optimizing them for speed.

How should a greyhound look? ›

Race dogs should be well muscled and display 3-4 ribs with just a hint of spine and pin bones showing. Breeding animals usually carry slightly more condition than race dogs. Muscle definition should be evident (varies from puppyhood through to rac-ing age) and be even on both sides of the greyhound.

Why was greyhound racing banned? ›

Beginning in roughly 1990, and continuing over the next three decades, the vast majority of greyhound tracks have closed due to declining betting revenue, encroachment by Native American gaming and commercial casino gambling into states with greyhound racing, the legalization of sports betting and concerns over the ...

What is the difference between a greyhound and a racing greyhound? ›

Racing greyhounds are bred for speed, coursing greys for a combination of speed, endurance, and courage, and show greys for appearance. An AKC (show) greyhound typically stands 26-30 inches at the shoulder and weighs 60-80 pounds. Females average around 10 to 15 pounds less than males.

Why are greyhounds called grey? ›

Despite its somewhat misleading name, the Greyhound breed is not named for its grey fur, as the dogs come in a variety of colors. The name likely originates from the Old English term “grighund.”

What are some sad facts about greyhounds? ›

Most greyhounds, a breed that can live 10 to 15 years, don't make it past three or four. Animals Australia believes around 18,000 dogs – including young, injured and retired greyhounds – are killed each year in Australia. "Out of 20,000 dogs born each year, only 2000 will go on to live a full life.

What is the story behind greyhound? ›

The film is based on the 1955 novel The Good Shepherd by C. S. Forester, and follows a US Navy commander on his first assignment commanding a multi-national escort destroyer group of four, defending an Allied convoy from U-boats during the Battle of the Atlantic.

What is the background of greyhound racing? ›

The modern racing greyhound has roots in hunting dogs, as early British noblemen used these agile, swift dogs for hunting hare and deer. This practice, more commonly known as coursing, was a popular sport among the aristocracy and was the predecessor to modern greyhound racing.

Where are greyhounds kept when not racing? ›

Off the track their lives may not be much better — oftentimes being kept in tiny barren pens or kennels for the majority of their lives, only released to train or race. Racing greyhounds are not commonly kept as companion animals.

What does the tattoo on a greyhound mean? ›

The tattoo in a Greyhound's left ear is his litter registration number, which is assigned by the NGA. The tattoo in his right ear identifies a specific puppy in that litter. The tattoo in your retired racer's right ear identifies the month and year of his birth and the order in his litter in which he was tattooed.

How would you describe a greyhound? ›

Greyhounds are a separate breed from other related sighthounds, such as the Italian greyhound. The Greyhound's combination of long, powerful legs, deep chest, flexible spine, and slim build allows it to reach average race speeds exceeding 64 kilometres per hour (40 mph).

What is the characteristic of greyhound? ›

Friendly and non-aggressive, Greyhounds have a wonderful temperament but their sensitive side makes them best suited to quieter, calmer homes. More independent than other breeds, Greyhounds are happy to be left alone sometimes.

What is the shape of a greyhound? ›

The lean beauty of the Greyhound 'inverted S' shape, created by the deep chest curving gently into a tightly tucked waist, has been an object of fascination for artists, poets, and kings for as long as human beings have called themselves civilized.

What is the general appearance of an Italian greyhound? ›

The Italian greyhound is truly a greyhound in miniature, with supreme elegance and grace. The height at the withers is 13 to 15 inches, and the weight is 7-14 pounds. The slender, muscular body, accentuated by the curved back, deep chest, and lean, well-muscled legs, produces a sinewy outline.

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